Connection.php
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Connection.php
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	<?php

	namespace Doctrine\DBAL;

	use Closure;
	use Doctrine\Common\EventManager;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Cache\ArrayResult;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Cache\CacheException;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Cache\QueryCacheProfile;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\API\ExceptionConverter;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection as DriverConnection;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ServerInfoAwareConnection;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement as DriverStatement;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\TransactionBeginEventArgs;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\TransactionCommitEventArgs;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Event\TransactionRollBackEventArgs;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception\ConnectionLost;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception\DriverException;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Query\Expression\ExpressionBuilder;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Query\QueryBuilder;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\AbstractSchemaManager;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\DefaultSchemaManagerFactory;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\LegacySchemaManagerFactory;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\SchemaManagerFactory;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\SQL\Parser;
	use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
	use Doctrine\Deprecations\Deprecation;
	use LogicException;
	use SensitiveParameter;
	use Throwable;
	use Traversable;

	use function array_key_exists;
	use function assert;
	use function count;
	use function get_class;
	use function implode;
	use function is_array;
	use function is_int;
	use function is_string;
	use function key;
	use function method_exists;
	use function sprintf;

	/**
	* A database abstraction-level connection that implements features like events, transaction isolation levels,
	* configuration, emulated transaction nesting, lazy connecting and more.
	*
	* @psalm-import-type Params from DriverManager
	* @psalm-consistent-constructor
	*/
	class Connection
	{
	/**
	* Represents an array of ints to be expanded by Doctrine SQL parsing.
	*
	* @deprecated Use {@see ArrayParameterType::INTEGER} instead.
	*/
	public const PARAM_INT_ARRAY = ArrayParameterType::INTEGER;

	/**
	* Represents an array of strings to be expanded by Doctrine SQL parsing.
	*
	* @deprecated Use {@see ArrayParameterType::STRING} instead.
	*/
	public const PARAM_STR_ARRAY = ArrayParameterType::STRING;

	/**
	* Represents an array of ascii strings to be expanded by Doctrine SQL parsing.
	*
	* @deprecated Use {@see ArrayParameterType::ASCII} instead.
	*/
	public const PARAM_ASCII_STR_ARRAY = ArrayParameterType::ASCII;

	/**
	* Offset by which PARAM_* constants are detected as arrays of the param type.
	*
	* @internal Should be used only within the wrapper layer.
	*/
	public const ARRAY_PARAM_OFFSET = 100;

	/**
	* The wrapped driver connection.
	*
	* @var DriverConnection\|null
	*/
	protected $_conn;

	/** @var Configuration */
	protected $_config;

	/**
	* @deprecated
	*
	* @var EventManager
	*/
	protected $_eventManager;

	/**
	* @deprecated Use {@see createExpressionBuilder()} instead.
	*
	* @var ExpressionBuilder
	*/
	protected $_expr;

	/**
	* The current auto-commit mode of this connection.
	*/
	private bool $autoCommit = true;

	/**
	* The transaction nesting level.
	*/
	private int $transactionNestingLevel = 0;

	/**
	* The currently active transaction isolation level or NULL before it has been determined.
	*
	* @var TransactionIsolationLevel::*\|null
	*/
	private $transactionIsolationLevel;

	/**
	* If nested transactions should use savepoints.
	*/
	private bool $nestTransactionsWithSavepoints = false;

	/**
	* The parameters used during creation of the Connection instance.
	*
	* @var array<string,mixed>
	* @psalm-var Params
	*/
	private array $params;

	/**
	* The database platform object used by the connection or NULL before it's initialized.
	*/
	private ?AbstractPlatform $platform = null;

	private ?ExceptionConverter $exceptionConverter = null;
	private ?Parser $parser = null;

	/**
	* The schema manager.
	*
	* @deprecated Use {@see createSchemaManager()} instead.
	*
	* @var AbstractSchemaManager\|null
	*/
	protected $_schemaManager;

	/**
	* The used DBAL driver.
	*
	* @var Driver
	*/
	protected $_driver;

	/**
	* Flag that indicates whether the current transaction is marked for rollback only.
	*/
	private bool $isRollbackOnly = false;

	private SchemaManagerFactory $schemaManagerFactory;

	/**
	* Initializes a new instance of the Connection class.
	*
	* @internal The connection can be only instantiated by the driver manager.
	*
	* @param array<string,mixed> $params The connection parameters.
	* @param Driver $driver The driver to use.
	* @param Configuration\|null $config The configuration, optional.
	* @param EventManager\|null $eventManager The event manager, optional.
	* @psalm-param Params $params
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function __construct(
	#[SensitiveParameter]
	array $params,
	Driver $driver,
	?Configuration $config = null,
	?EventManager $eventManager = null
	) {
	$this->_driver = $driver;
	$this->params = $params;

	// Create default config and event manager if none given
	$config ??= new Configuration();
	$eventManager ??= new EventManager();

	$this->_config = $config;
	$this->_eventManager = $eventManager;

	if (isset($params['platform'])) {
	if (! $params['platform'] instanceof Platforms\AbstractPlatform) {
	throw Exception::invalidPlatformType($params['platform']);
	}

	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/5699',
	'The "platform" connection parameter is deprecated.'
	. ' Use a driver middleware that would instantiate the platform instead.',
	);

	$this->platform = $params['platform'];
	$this->platform->setEventManager($this->_eventManager);
	$this->platform->setDisableTypeComments($config->getDisableTypeComments());
	}

	$this->_expr = $this->createExpressionBuilder();

	$this->autoCommit = $config->getAutoCommit();

	$schemaManagerFactory = $config->getSchemaManagerFactory();
	if ($schemaManagerFactory === null) {
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/5812',
	'Not configuring a schema manager factory is deprecated.'
	. ' Use %s which is going to be the default in DBAL 4.',
	DefaultSchemaManagerFactory::class,
	);

	$schemaManagerFactory = new LegacySchemaManagerFactory();
	}

	$this->schemaManagerFactory = $schemaManagerFactory;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the parameters used during instantiation.
	*
	* @internal
	*
	* @return array<string,mixed>
	* @psalm-return Params
	*/
	public function getParams()
	{
	return $this->params;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the name of the currently selected database.
	*
	* @return string\|null The name of the database or NULL if a database is not selected.
	* The platforms which don't support the concept of a database (e.g. embedded databases)
	* must always return a string as an indicator of an implicitly selected database.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function getDatabase()
	{
	$platform = $this->getDatabasePlatform();
	$query = $platform->getDummySelectSQL($platform->getCurrentDatabaseExpression());
	$database = $this->fetchOne($query);

	assert(is_string($database) \|\| $database === null);

	return $database;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the DBAL driver instance.
	*
	* @return Driver
	*/
	public function getDriver()
	{
	return $this->_driver;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the Configuration used by the Connection.
	*
	* @return Configuration
	*/
	public function getConfiguration()
	{
	return $this->_config;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the EventManager used by the Connection.
	*
	* @deprecated
	*
	* @return EventManager
	*/
	public function getEventManager()
	{
	Deprecation::triggerIfCalledFromOutside(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/5784',
	'%s is deprecated.',
	__METHOD__,
	);

	return $this->_eventManager;
	}

	/**
	* Gets the DatabasePlatform for the connection.
	*
	* @return AbstractPlatform
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function getDatabasePlatform()
	{
	if ($this->platform === null) {
	$this->platform = $this->detectDatabasePlatform();
	$this->platform->setEventManager($this->_eventManager);
	$this->platform->setDisableTypeComments($this->_config->getDisableTypeComments());
	}

	return $this->platform;
	}

	/**
	* Creates an expression builder for the connection.
	*/
	public function createExpressionBuilder(): ExpressionBuilder
	{
	return new ExpressionBuilder($this);
	}

	/**
	* Gets the ExpressionBuilder for the connection.
	*
	* @deprecated Use {@see createExpressionBuilder()} instead.
	*
	* @return ExpressionBuilder
	*/
	public function getExpressionBuilder()
	{
	Deprecation::triggerIfCalledFromOutside(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/4515',
	'Connection::getExpressionBuilder() is deprecated,'
	. ' use Connection::createExpressionBuilder() instead.',
	);

	return $this->_expr;
	}

	/**
	* Establishes the connection with the database.
	*
	* @internal This method will be made protected in DBAL 4.0.
	*
	* @return bool TRUE if the connection was successfully established, FALSE if
	* the connection is already open.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*
	* @psalm-assert !null $this->_conn
	*/
	public function connect()
	{
	Deprecation::triggerIfCalledFromOutside(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/4966',
	'Public access to Connection::connect() is deprecated.',
	);

	if ($this->_conn !== null) {
	return false;
	}

	try {
	$this->_conn = $this->_driver->connect($this->params);
	} catch (Driver\Exception $e) {
	throw $this->convertException($e);
	}

	if ($this->autoCommit === false) {
	$this->beginTransaction();
	}

	if ($this->_eventManager->hasListeners(Events::postConnect)) {
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/5784',
	'Subscribing to %s events is deprecated. Implement a middleware instead.',
	Events::postConnect,
	);

	$eventArgs = new Event\ConnectionEventArgs($this);
	$this->_eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::postConnect, $eventArgs);
	}

	return true;
	}

	/**
	* Detects and sets the database platform.
	*
	* Evaluates custom platform class and version in order to set the correct platform.
	*
	* @throws Exception If an invalid platform was specified for this connection.
	*/
	private function detectDatabasePlatform(): AbstractPlatform
	{
	$version = $this->getDatabasePlatformVersion();

	if ($version !== null) {
	assert($this->_driver instanceof VersionAwarePlatformDriver);

	return $this->_driver->createDatabasePlatformForVersion($version);
	}

	return $this->_driver->getDatabasePlatform();
	}

	/**
	* Returns the version of the related platform if applicable.
	*
	* Returns null if either the driver is not capable to create version
	* specific platform instances, no explicit server version was specified
	* or the underlying driver connection cannot determine the platform
	* version without having to query it (performance reasons).
	*
	* @return string\|null
	*
	* @throws Throwable
	*/
	private function getDatabasePlatformVersion()
	{
	// Driver does not support version specific platforms.
	if (! $this->_driver instanceof VersionAwarePlatformDriver) {
	return null;
	}

	// Explicit platform version requested (supersedes auto-detection).
	if (isset($this->params['serverVersion'])) {
	return $this->params['serverVersion'];
	}

	if (isset($this->params['primary']) && isset($this->params['primary']['serverVersion'])) {
	return $this->params['primary']['serverVersion'];
	}

	// If not connected, we need to connect now to determine the platform version.
	if ($this->_conn === null) {
	try {
	$this->connect();
	} catch (Exception $originalException) {
	if (! isset($this->params['dbname'])) {
	throw $originalException;
	}

	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/5707',
	'Relying on a fallback connection used to determine the database platform while connecting'
	. ' to a non-existing database is deprecated. Either use an existing database name in'
	. ' connection parameters or omit the database name if the platform'
	. ' and the server configuration allow that.',
	);

	// The database to connect to might not yet exist.
	// Retry detection without database name connection parameter.
	$params = $this->params;

	unset($this->params['dbname']);

	try {
	$this->connect();
	} catch (Exception $fallbackException) {
	// Either the platform does not support database-less connections
	// or something else went wrong.
	throw $originalException;
	} finally {
	$this->params = $params;
	}

	$serverVersion = $this->getServerVersion();

	// Close "temporary" connection to allow connecting to the real database again.
	$this->close();

	return $serverVersion;
	}
	}

	return $this->getServerVersion();
	}

	/**
	* Returns the database server version if the underlying driver supports it.
	*
	* @return string\|null
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	private function getServerVersion()
	{
	$connection = $this->getWrappedConnection();

	// Automatic platform version detection.
	if ($connection instanceof ServerInfoAwareConnection) {
	try {
	return $connection->getServerVersion();
	} catch (Driver\Exception $e) {
	throw $this->convertException($e);
	}
	}

	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/4750',
	'Not implementing the ServerInfoAwareConnection interface in %s is deprecated',
	get_class($connection),
	);

	// Unable to detect platform version.
	return null;
	}

	/**
	* Returns the current auto-commit mode for this connection.
	*
	* @see setAutoCommit
	*
	* @return bool True if auto-commit mode is currently enabled for this connection, false otherwise.
	*/
	public function isAutoCommit()
	{
	return $this->autoCommit === true;
	}

	/**
	* Sets auto-commit mode for this connection.
	*
	* If a connection is in auto-commit mode, then all its SQL statements will be executed and committed as individual
	* transactions. Otherwise, its SQL statements are grouped into transactions that are terminated by a call to either
	* the method commit or the method rollback. By default, new connections are in auto-commit mode.
	*
	* NOTE: If this method is called during a transaction and the auto-commit mode is changed, the transaction is
	* committed. If this method is called and the auto-commit mode is not changed, the call is a no-op.
	*
	* @see isAutoCommit
	*
	* @param bool $autoCommit True to enable auto-commit mode; false to disable it.
	*
	* @return void
	*/
	public function setAutoCommit($autoCommit)
	{
	$autoCommit = (bool) $autoCommit;

	// Mode not changed, no-op.
	if ($autoCommit === $this->autoCommit) {
	return;
	}

	$this->autoCommit = $autoCommit;

	// Commit all currently active transactions if any when switching auto-commit mode.
	if ($this->_conn === null \|\| $this->transactionNestingLevel === 0) {
	return;
	}

	$this->commitAll();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the first row of the result
	* as an associative array.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return array<string, mixed>\|false False is returned if no rows are found.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function fetchAssociative(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = [])
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->fetchAssociative();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the first row of the result
	* as a numerically indexed array.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return list<mixed>\|false False is returned if no rows are found.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function fetchNumeric(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = [])
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->fetchNumeric();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the value of a single column
	* of the first row of the result.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return mixed\|false False is returned if no rows are found.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function fetchOne(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = [])
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->fetchOne();
	}

	/**
	* Whether an actual connection to the database is established.
	*
	* @return bool
	*/
	public function isConnected()
	{
	return $this->_conn !== null;
	}

	/**
	* Checks whether a transaction is currently active.
	*
	* @return bool TRUE if a transaction is currently active, FALSE otherwise.
	*/
	public function isTransactionActive()
	{
	return $this->transactionNestingLevel > 0;
	}

	/**
	* Adds condition based on the criteria to the query components
	*
	* @param array<string,mixed> $criteria Map of key columns to their values
	* @param string[] $columns Column names
	* @param mixed[] $values Column values
	* @param string[] $conditions Key conditions
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	private function addCriteriaCondition(
	array $criteria,
	array &$columns,
	array &$values,
	array &$conditions
	): void {
	$platform = $this->getDatabasePlatform();

	foreach ($criteria as $columnName => $value) {
	if ($value === null) {
	$conditions[] = $platform->getIsNullExpression($columnName);
	continue;
	}

	$columns[] = $columnName;
	$values[] = $value;
	$conditions[] = $columnName . ' = ?';
	}
	}

	/**
	* Executes an SQL DELETE statement on a table.
	*
	* Table expression and columns are not escaped and are not safe for user-input.
	*
	* @param string $table Table name
	* @param array<string, mixed> $criteria Deletion criteria
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return int\|string The number of affected rows.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function delete($table, array $criteria, array $types = [])
	{
	if (count($criteria) === 0) {
	throw InvalidArgumentException::fromEmptyCriteria();
	}

	$columns = $values = $conditions = [];

	$this->addCriteriaCondition($criteria, $columns, $values, $conditions);

	return $this->executeStatement(
	'DELETE FROM ' . $table . ' WHERE ' . implode(' AND ', $conditions),
	$values,
	is_string(key($types)) ? $this->extractTypeValues($columns, $types) : $types,
	);
	}

	/**
	* Closes the connection.
	*
	* @return void
	*/
	public function close()
	{
	$this->_conn = null;
	$this->transactionNestingLevel = 0;
	}

	/**
	* Sets the transaction isolation level.
	*
	* @param TransactionIsolationLevel::* $level The level to set.
	*
	* @return int\|string
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function setTransactionIsolation($level)
	{
	$this->transactionIsolationLevel = $level;

	return $this->executeStatement($this->getDatabasePlatform()->getSetTransactionIsolationSQL($level));
	}

	/**
	* Gets the currently active transaction isolation level.
	*
	* @return TransactionIsolationLevel::* The current transaction isolation level.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function getTransactionIsolation()
	{
	return $this->transactionIsolationLevel ??= $this->getDatabasePlatform()->getDefaultTransactionIsolationLevel();
	}

	/**
	* Executes an SQL UPDATE statement on a table.
	*
	* Table expression and columns are not escaped and are not safe for user-input.
	*
	* @param string $table Table name
	* @param array<string, mixed> $data Column-value pairs
	* @param array<string, mixed> $criteria Update criteria
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return int\|string The number of affected rows.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function update($table, array $data, array $criteria, array $types = [])
	{
	$columns = $values = $conditions = $set = [];

	foreach ($data as $columnName => $value) {
	$columns[] = $columnName;
	$values[] = $value;
	$set[] = $columnName . ' = ?';
	}

	$this->addCriteriaCondition($criteria, $columns, $values, $conditions);

	if (is_string(key($types))) {
	$types = $this->extractTypeValues($columns, $types);
	}

	$sql = 'UPDATE ' . $table . ' SET ' . implode(', ', $set)
	. ' WHERE ' . implode(' AND ', $conditions);

	return $this->executeStatement($sql, $values, $types);
	}

	/**
	* Inserts a table row with specified data.
	*
	* Table expression and columns are not escaped and are not safe for user-input.
	*
	* @param string $table Table name
	* @param array<string, mixed> $data Column-value pairs
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return int\|string The number of affected rows.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function insert($table, array $data, array $types = [])
	{
	if (count($data) === 0) {
	return $this->executeStatement('INSERT INTO ' . $table . ' () VALUES ()');
	}

	$columns = [];
	$values = [];
	$set = [];

	foreach ($data as $columnName => $value) {
	$columns[] = $columnName;
	$values[] = $value;
	$set[] = '?';
	}

	return $this->executeStatement(
	'INSERT INTO ' . $table . ' (' . implode(', ', $columns) . ')' .
	' VALUES (' . implode(', ', $set) . ')',
	$values,
	is_string(key($types)) ? $this->extractTypeValues($columns, $types) : $types,
	);
	}

	/**
	* Extract ordered type list from an ordered column list and type map.
	*
	* @param array<int, string> $columnList
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types
	*
	* @return array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null>
	*/
	private function extractTypeValues(array $columnList, array $types): array
	{
	$typeValues = [];

	foreach ($columnList as $columnName) {
	$typeValues[] = $types[$columnName] ?? ParameterType::STRING;
	}

	return $typeValues;
	}

	/**
	* Quotes a string so it can be safely used as a table or column name, even if
	* it is a reserved name.
	*
	* Delimiting style depends on the underlying database platform that is being used.
	*
	* NOTE: Just because you CAN use quoted identifiers does not mean
	* you SHOULD use them. In general, they end up causing way more
	* problems than they solve.
	*
	* @param string $str The name to be quoted.
	*
	* @return string The quoted name.
	*/
	public function quoteIdentifier($str)
	{
	return $this->getDatabasePlatform()->quoteIdentifier($str);
	}

	/**
	* The usage of this method is discouraged. Use prepared statements
	* or {@see AbstractPlatform::quoteStringLiteral()} instead.
	*
	* @param mixed $value
	* @param int\|string\|Type\|null $type
	*
	* @return mixed
	*/
	public function quote($value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
	{
	$connection = $this->getWrappedConnection();

	[$value, $bindingType] = $this->getBindingInfo($value, $type);

	return $connection->quote($value, $bindingType);
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the result as an array of numeric arrays.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return list<list<mixed>>
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function fetchAllNumeric(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = []): array
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->fetchAllNumeric();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the result as an array of associative arrays.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return list<array<string,mixed>>
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function fetchAllAssociative(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = []): array
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->fetchAllAssociative();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the result as an associative array with the keys
	* mapped to the first column and the values mapped to the second column.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return array<mixed,mixed>
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function fetchAllKeyValue(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = []): array
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->fetchAllKeyValue();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the result as an associative array with the keys mapped
	* to the first column and the values being an associative array representing the rest of the columns
	* and their values.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return array<mixed,array<string,mixed>>
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function fetchAllAssociativeIndexed(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = []): array
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->fetchAllAssociativeIndexed();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the result as an array of the first column values.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return list<mixed>
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function fetchFirstColumn(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = []): array
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->fetchFirstColumn();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the result as an iterator over rows represented as numeric arrays.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return Traversable<int,list<mixed>>
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function iterateNumeric(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = []): Traversable
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->iterateNumeric();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the result as an iterator over rows represented
	* as associative arrays.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return Traversable<int,array<string,mixed>>
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function iterateAssociative(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = []): Traversable
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->iterateAssociative();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the result as an iterator with the keys
	* mapped to the first column and the values mapped to the second column.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return Traversable<mixed,mixed>
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function iterateKeyValue(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = []): Traversable
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->iterateKeyValue();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the result as an iterator with the keys mapped
	* to the first column and the values being an associative array representing the rest of the columns
	* and their values.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string>\|array<string, int\|string> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return Traversable<mixed,array<string,mixed>>
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function iterateAssociativeIndexed(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = []): Traversable
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->iterateAssociativeIndexed();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares and executes an SQL query and returns the result as an iterator over the first column values.
	*
	* @param string $query SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return Traversable<int,mixed>
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function iterateColumn(string $query, array $params = [], array $types = []): Traversable
	{
	return $this->executeQuery($query, $params, $types)->iterateColumn();
	}

	/**
	* Prepares an SQL statement.
	*
	* @param string $sql The SQL statement to prepare.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function prepare(string $sql): Statement
	{
	$connection = $this->getWrappedConnection();

	try {
	$statement = $connection->prepare($sql);
	} catch (Driver\Exception $e) {
	throw $this->convertExceptionDuringQuery($e, $sql);
	}

	return new Statement($this, $statement, $sql);
	}

	/**
	* Executes an, optionally parameterized, SQL query.
	*
	* If the query is parametrized, a prepared statement is used.
	* If an SQLLogger is configured, the execution is logged.
	*
	* @param string $sql SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function executeQuery(
	string $sql,
	array $params = [],
	$types = [],
	?QueryCacheProfile $qcp = null
	): Result {
	if ($qcp !== null) {
	return $this->executeCacheQuery($sql, $params, $types, $qcp);
	}

	$connection = $this->getWrappedConnection();

	$logger = $this->_config->getSQLLogger();
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->startQuery($sql, $params, $types);
	}

	try {
	if (count($params) > 0) {
	if ($this->needsArrayParameterConversion($params, $types)) {
	[$sql, $params, $types] = $this->expandArrayParameters($sql, $params, $types);
	}

	$stmt = $connection->prepare($sql);

	$this->bindParameters($stmt, $params, $types);

	$result = $stmt->execute();
	} else {
	$result = $connection->query($sql);
	}

	return new Result($result, $this);
	} catch (Driver\Exception $e) {
	throw $this->convertExceptionDuringQuery($e, $sql, $params, $types);
	} finally {
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->stopQuery();
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* Executes a caching query.
	*
	* @param string $sql SQL query
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Query parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @throws CacheException
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function executeCacheQuery($sql, $params, $types, QueryCacheProfile $qcp): Result
	{
	$resultCache = $qcp->getResultCache() ?? $this->_config->getResultCache();

	if ($resultCache === null) {
	throw CacheException::noResultDriverConfigured();
	}

	$connectionParams = $this->params;
	unset($connectionParams['platform'], $connectionParams['password'], $connectionParams['url']);

	[$cacheKey, $realKey] = $qcp->generateCacheKeys($sql, $params, $types, $connectionParams);

	$item = $resultCache->getItem($cacheKey);

	if ($item->isHit()) {
	$value = $item->get();
	if (! is_array($value)) {
	$value = [];
	}

	if (isset($value[$realKey])) {
	return new Result(new ArrayResult($value[$realKey]), $this);
	}
	} else {
	$value = [];
	}

	$data = $this->fetchAllAssociative($sql, $params, $types);

	$value[$realKey] = $data;

	$item->set($value);

	$lifetime = $qcp->getLifetime();
	if ($lifetime > 0) {
	$item->expiresAfter($lifetime);
	}

	$resultCache->save($item);

	return new Result(new ArrayResult($data), $this);
	}

	/**
	* Executes an SQL statement with the given parameters and returns the number of affected rows.
	*
	* Could be used for:
	* - DML statements: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, etc.
	* - DDL statements: CREATE, DROP, ALTER, etc.
	* - DCL statements: GRANT, REVOKE, etc.
	* - Session control statements: ALTER SESSION, SET, DECLARE, etc.
	* - Other statements that don't yield a row set.
	*
	* This method supports PDO binding types as well as DBAL mapping types.
	*
	* @param string $sql SQL statement
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Statement parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @return int\|string The number of affected rows.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function executeStatement($sql, array $params = [], array $types = [])
	{
	$connection = $this->getWrappedConnection();

	$logger = $this->_config->getSQLLogger();
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->startQuery($sql, $params, $types);
	}

	try {
	if (count($params) > 0) {
	if ($this->needsArrayParameterConversion($params, $types)) {
	[$sql, $params, $types] = $this->expandArrayParameters($sql, $params, $types);
	}

	$stmt = $connection->prepare($sql);

	$this->bindParameters($stmt, $params, $types);

	return $stmt->execute()
	->rowCount();
	}

	return $connection->exec($sql);
	} catch (Driver\Exception $e) {
	throw $this->convertExceptionDuringQuery($e, $sql, $params, $types);
	} finally {
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->stopQuery();
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* Returns the current transaction nesting level.
	*
	* @return int The nesting level. A value of 0 means there's no active transaction.
	*/
	public function getTransactionNestingLevel()
	{
	return $this->transactionNestingLevel;
	}

	/**
	* Returns the ID of the last inserted row, or the last value from a sequence object,
	* depending on the underlying driver.
	*
	* Note: This method may not return a meaningful or consistent result across different drivers,
	* because the underlying database may not even support the notion of AUTO_INCREMENT/IDENTITY
	* columns or sequences.
	*
	* @param string\|null $name Name of the sequence object from which the ID should be returned.
	*
	* @return string\|int\|false A string representation of the last inserted ID.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function lastInsertId($name = null)
	{
	if ($name !== null) {
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/4687',
	'The usage of Connection::lastInsertId() with a sequence name is deprecated.',
	);
	}

	try {
	return $this->getWrappedConnection()->lastInsertId($name);
	} catch (Driver\Exception $e) {
	throw $this->convertException($e);
	}
	}

	/**
	* Executes a function in a transaction.
	*
	* The function gets passed this Connection instance as an (optional) parameter.
	*
	* If an exception occurs during execution of the function or transaction commit,
	* the transaction is rolled back and the exception re-thrown.
	*
	* @param Closure(self):T $func The function to execute transactionally.
	*
	* @return T The value returned by $func
	*
	* @throws Throwable
	*
	* @template T
	*/
	public function transactional(Closure $func)
	{
	$this->beginTransaction();
	try {
	$res = $func($this);
	$this->commit();

	return $res;
	} catch (Throwable $e) {
	$this->rollBack();

	throw $e;
	}
	}

	/**
	* Sets if nested transactions should use savepoints.
	*
	* @param bool $nestTransactionsWithSavepoints
	*
	* @return void
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function setNestTransactionsWithSavepoints($nestTransactionsWithSavepoints)
	{
	if (! $nestTransactionsWithSavepoints) {
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/5383',
	<<<'DEPRECATION'
	Nesting transactions without enabling savepoints is deprecated.
	Call %s::setNestTransactionsWithSavepoints(true) to enable savepoints.
	DEPRECATION,
	self::class,
	);
	}

	if ($this->transactionNestingLevel > 0) {
	throw ConnectionException::mayNotAlterNestedTransactionWithSavepointsInTransaction();
	}

	$this->nestTransactionsWithSavepoints = (bool) $nestTransactionsWithSavepoints;
	}

	/**
	* Gets if nested transactions should use savepoints.
	*
	* @return bool
	*/
	public function getNestTransactionsWithSavepoints()
	{
	return $this->nestTransactionsWithSavepoints;
	}

	/**
	* Returns the savepoint name to use for nested transactions.
	*
	* @return string
	*/
	protected function _getNestedTransactionSavePointName()
	{
	return 'DOCTRINE_' . $this->transactionNestingLevel;
	}

	/**
	* @return bool
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function beginTransaction()
	{
	$connection = $this->getWrappedConnection();

	++$this->transactionNestingLevel;

	$logger = $this->_config->getSQLLogger();

	if ($this->transactionNestingLevel === 1) {
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->startQuery('"START TRANSACTION"');
	}

	$connection->beginTransaction();

	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->stopQuery();
	}
	} elseif ($this->nestTransactionsWithSavepoints) {
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->startQuery('"SAVEPOINT"');
	}

	$this->createSavepoint($this->_getNestedTransactionSavePointName());
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->stopQuery();
	}
	} else {
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/5383',
	<<<'DEPRECATION'
	Nesting transactions without enabling savepoints is deprecated.
	Call %s::setNestTransactionsWithSavepoints(true) to enable savepoints.
	DEPRECATION,
	self::class,
	);
	}

	$eventManager = $this->getEventManager();

	if ($eventManager->hasListeners(Events::onTransactionBegin)) {
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/5784',
	'Subscribing to %s events is deprecated.',
	Events::onTransactionBegin,
	);

	$eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::onTransactionBegin, new TransactionBeginEventArgs($this));
	}

	return true;
	}

	/**
	* @return bool
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function commit()
	{
	if ($this->transactionNestingLevel === 0) {
	throw ConnectionException::noActiveTransaction();
	}

	if ($this->isRollbackOnly) {
	throw ConnectionException::commitFailedRollbackOnly();
	}

	$result = true;

	$connection = $this->getWrappedConnection();

	if ($this->transactionNestingLevel === 1) {
	$result = $this->doCommit($connection);
	} elseif ($this->nestTransactionsWithSavepoints) {
	$this->releaseSavepoint($this->_getNestedTransactionSavePointName());
	}

	--$this->transactionNestingLevel;

	$eventManager = $this->getEventManager();

	if ($eventManager->hasListeners(Events::onTransactionCommit)) {
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/5784',
	'Subscribing to %s events is deprecated.',
	Events::onTransactionCommit,
	);

	$eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::onTransactionCommit, new TransactionCommitEventArgs($this));
	}

	if ($this->autoCommit !== false \|\| $this->transactionNestingLevel !== 0) {
	return $result;
	}

	$this->beginTransaction();

	return $result;
	}

	/**
	* @return bool
	*
	* @throws DriverException
	*/
	private function doCommit(DriverConnection $connection)
	{
	$logger = $this->_config->getSQLLogger();

	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->startQuery('"COMMIT"');
	}

	$result = $connection->commit();

	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->stopQuery();
	}

	return $result;
	}

	/**
	* Commits all current nesting transactions.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	private function commitAll(): void
	{
	while ($this->transactionNestingLevel !== 0) {
	if ($this->autoCommit === false && $this->transactionNestingLevel === 1) {
	// When in no auto-commit mode, the last nesting commit immediately starts a new transaction.
	// Therefore we need to do the final commit here and then leave to avoid an infinite loop.
	$this->commit();

	return;
	}

	$this->commit();
	}
	}

	/**
	* Cancels any database changes done during the current transaction.
	*
	* @return bool
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function rollBack()
	{
	if ($this->transactionNestingLevel === 0) {
	throw ConnectionException::noActiveTransaction();
	}

	$connection = $this->getWrappedConnection();

	$logger = $this->_config->getSQLLogger();

	if ($this->transactionNestingLevel === 1) {
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->startQuery('"ROLLBACK"');
	}

	$this->transactionNestingLevel = 0;
	$connection->rollBack();
	$this->isRollbackOnly = false;
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->stopQuery();
	}

	if ($this->autoCommit === false) {
	$this->beginTransaction();
	}
	} elseif ($this->nestTransactionsWithSavepoints) {
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->startQuery('"ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT"');
	}

	$this->rollbackSavepoint($this->_getNestedTransactionSavePointName());
	--$this->transactionNestingLevel;
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->stopQuery();
	}
	} else {
	$this->isRollbackOnly = true;
	--$this->transactionNestingLevel;
	}

	$eventManager = $this->getEventManager();

	if ($eventManager->hasListeners(Events::onTransactionRollBack)) {
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/5784',
	'Subscribing to %s events is deprecated.',
	Events::onTransactionRollBack,
	);

	$eventManager->dispatchEvent(Events::onTransactionRollBack, new TransactionRollBackEventArgs($this));
	}

	return true;
	}

	/**
	* Creates a new savepoint.
	*
	* @param string $savepoint The name of the savepoint to create.
	*
	* @return void
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function createSavepoint($savepoint)
	{
	$platform = $this->getDatabasePlatform();

	if (! $platform->supportsSavepoints()) {
	throw ConnectionException::savepointsNotSupported();
	}

	$this->executeStatement($platform->createSavePoint($savepoint));
	}

	/**
	* Releases the given savepoint.
	*
	* @param string $savepoint The name of the savepoint to release.
	*
	* @return void
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function releaseSavepoint($savepoint)
	{
	$logger = $this->_config->getSQLLogger();

	$platform = $this->getDatabasePlatform();

	if (! $platform->supportsSavepoints()) {
	throw ConnectionException::savepointsNotSupported();
	}

	if (! $platform->supportsReleaseSavepoints()) {
	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->stopQuery();
	}

	return;
	}

	if ($logger !== null) {
	$logger->startQuery('"RELEASE SAVEPOINT"');
	}

	$this->executeStatement($platform->releaseSavePoint($savepoint));

	if ($logger === null) {
	return;
	}

	$logger->stopQuery();
	}

	/**
	* Rolls back to the given savepoint.
	*
	* @param string $savepoint The name of the savepoint to rollback to.
	*
	* @return void
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function rollbackSavepoint($savepoint)
	{
	$platform = $this->getDatabasePlatform();

	if (! $platform->supportsSavepoints()) {
	throw ConnectionException::savepointsNotSupported();
	}

	$this->executeStatement($platform->rollbackSavePoint($savepoint));
	}

	/**
	* Gets the wrapped driver connection.
	*
	* @deprecated Use {@link getNativeConnection()} to access the native connection.
	*
	* @return DriverConnection
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function getWrappedConnection()
	{
	Deprecation::triggerIfCalledFromOutside(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/4966',
	'Connection::getWrappedConnection() is deprecated.'
	. ' Use Connection::getNativeConnection() to access the native connection.',
	);

	$this->connect();

	return $this->_conn;
	}

	/** @return resource\|object */
	public function getNativeConnection()
	{
	$this->connect();

	if (! method_exists($this->_conn, 'getNativeConnection')) {
	throw new LogicException(sprintf(
	'The driver connection %s does not support accessing the native connection.',
	get_class($this->_conn),
	));
	}

	return $this->_conn->getNativeConnection();
	}

	/**
	* Creates a SchemaManager that can be used to inspect or change the
	* database schema through the connection.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function createSchemaManager(): AbstractSchemaManager
	{
	return $this->schemaManagerFactory->createSchemaManager($this);
	}

	/**
	* Gets the SchemaManager that can be used to inspect or change the
	* database schema through the connection.
	*
	* @deprecated Use {@see createSchemaManager()} instead.
	*
	* @return AbstractSchemaManager
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function getSchemaManager()
	{
	Deprecation::triggerIfCalledFromOutside(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/issues/4515',
	'Connection::getSchemaManager() is deprecated, use Connection::createSchemaManager() instead.',
	);

	return $this->_schemaManager ??= $this->createSchemaManager();
	}

	/**
	* Marks the current transaction so that the only possible
	* outcome for the transaction to be rolled back.
	*
	* @return void
	*
	* @throws ConnectionException If no transaction is active.
	*/
	public function setRollbackOnly()
	{
	if ($this->transactionNestingLevel === 0) {
	throw ConnectionException::noActiveTransaction();
	}

	$this->isRollbackOnly = true;
	}

	/**
	* Checks whether the current transaction is marked for rollback only.
	*
	* @return bool
	*
	* @throws ConnectionException If no transaction is active.
	*/
	public function isRollbackOnly()
	{
	if ($this->transactionNestingLevel === 0) {
	throw ConnectionException::noActiveTransaction();
	}

	return $this->isRollbackOnly;
	}

	/**
	* Converts a given value to its database representation according to the conversion
	* rules of a specific DBAL mapping type.
	*
	* @param mixed $value The value to convert.
	* @param string $type The name of the DBAL mapping type.
	*
	* @return mixed The converted value.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function convertToDatabaseValue($value, $type)
	{
	return Type::getType($type)->convertToDatabaseValue($value, $this->getDatabasePlatform());
	}

	/**
	* Converts a given value to its PHP representation according to the conversion
	* rules of a specific DBAL mapping type.
	*
	* @param mixed $value The value to convert.
	* @param string $type The name of the DBAL mapping type.
	*
	* @return mixed The converted type.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	public function convertToPHPValue($value, $type)
	{
	return Type::getType($type)->convertToPHPValue($value, $this->getDatabasePlatform());
	}

	/**
	* Binds a set of parameters, some or all of which are typed with a PDO binding type
	* or DBAL mapping type, to a given statement.
	*
	* @param DriverStatement $stmt Prepared statement
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params Statement parameters
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types Parameter types
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	private function bindParameters(DriverStatement $stmt, array $params, array $types): void
	{
	// Check whether parameters are positional or named. Mixing is not allowed.
	if (is_int(key($params))) {
	$bindIndex = 1;

	foreach ($params as $key => $value) {
	if (isset($types[$key])) {
	$type = $types[$key];
	[$value, $bindingType] = $this->getBindingInfo($value, $type);
	} else {
	if (array_key_exists($key, $types)) {
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/5550',
	'Using NULL as prepared statement parameter type is deprecated.'
	. 'Omit or use ParameterType::STRING instead',
	);
	}

	$bindingType = ParameterType::STRING;
	}

	$stmt->bindValue($bindIndex, $value, $bindingType);

	++$bindIndex;
	}
	} else {
	// Named parameters
	foreach ($params as $name => $value) {
	if (isset($types[$name])) {
	$type = $types[$name];
	[$value, $bindingType] = $this->getBindingInfo($value, $type);
	} else {
	if (array_key_exists($name, $types)) {
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/5550',
	'Using NULL as prepared statement parameter type is deprecated.'
	. 'Omit or use ParameterType::STRING instead',
	);
	}

	$bindingType = ParameterType::STRING;
	}

	$stmt->bindValue($name, $value, $bindingType);
	}
	}
	}

	/**
	* Gets the binding type of a given type.
	*
	* @param mixed $value The value to bind.
	* @param int\|string\|Type\|null $type The type to bind (PDO or DBAL).
	*
	* @return array{mixed, int} [0] => the (escaped) value, [1] => the binding type.
	*
	* @throws Exception
	*/
	private function getBindingInfo($value, $type): array
	{
	if (is_string($type)) {
	$type = Type::getType($type);
	}

	if ($type instanceof Type) {
	$value = $type->convertToDatabaseValue($value, $this->getDatabasePlatform());
	$bindingType = $type->getBindingType();
	} else {
	$bindingType = $type ?? ParameterType::STRING;
	}

	return [$value, $bindingType];
	}

	/**
	* Creates a new instance of a SQL query builder.
	*
	* @return QueryBuilder
	*/
	public function createQueryBuilder()
	{
	return new Query\QueryBuilder($this);
	}

	/**
	* @internal
	*
	* @param list<mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types
	*/
	final public function convertExceptionDuringQuery(
	Driver\Exception $e,
	string $sql,
	array $params = [],
	array $types = []
	): DriverException {
	return $this->handleDriverException($e, new Query($sql, $params, $types));
	}

	/** @internal */
	final public function convertException(Driver\Exception $e): DriverException
	{
	return $this->handleDriverException($e, null);
	}

	/**
	* @param array<int, mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types
	*
	* @return array{string, list<mixed>, array<int,Type\|int\|string\|null>}
	*/
	private function expandArrayParameters(string $sql, array $params, array $types): array
	{
	$this->parser ??= $this->getDatabasePlatform()->createSQLParser();
	$visitor = new ExpandArrayParameters($params, $types);

	$this->parser->parse($sql, $visitor);

	return [
	$visitor->getSQL(),
	$visitor->getParameters(),
	$visitor->getTypes(),
	];
	}

	/**
	* @param array<int, mixed>\|array<string, mixed> $params
	* @param array<int, int\|string\|Type\|null>\|array<string, int\|string\|Type\|null> $types
	*/
	private function needsArrayParameterConversion(array $params, array $types): bool
	{
	if (is_string(key($params))) {
	return true;
	}

	foreach ($types as $type) {
	if (
	$type === ArrayParameterType::INTEGER
	\|\| $type === ArrayParameterType::STRING
	\|\| $type === ArrayParameterType::ASCII
	\|\| $type === ArrayParameterType::BINARY
	) {
	return true;
	}
	}

	return false;
	}

	private function handleDriverException(
	Driver\Exception $driverException,
	?Query $query
	): DriverException {
	$this->exceptionConverter ??= $this->_driver->getExceptionConverter();
	$exception = $this->exceptionConverter->convert($driverException, $query);

	if ($exception instanceof ConnectionLost) {
	$this->close();
	}

	return $exception;
	}

	/**
	* BC layer for a wide-spread use-case of old DBAL APIs
	*
	* @deprecated Use {@see executeStatement()} instead
	*
	* @param array<mixed> $params The query parameters
	* @param array<int\|string\|null> $types The parameter types
	*/
	public function executeUpdate(string $sql, array $params = [], array $types = []): int
	{
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/4163',
	'%s is deprecated, please use executeStatement() instead.',
	__METHOD__,
	);

	return $this->executeStatement($sql, $params, $types);
	}

	/**
	* BC layer for a wide-spread use-case of old DBAL APIs
	*
	* @deprecated Use {@see executeQuery()} instead
	*/
	public function query(string $sql): Result
	{
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/4163',
	'%s is deprecated, please use executeQuery() instead.',
	__METHOD__,
	);

	return $this->executeQuery($sql);
	}

	/**
	* BC layer for a wide-spread use-case of old DBAL APIs
	*
	* @deprecated please use {@see executeStatement()} instead
	*/
	public function exec(string $sql): int
	{
	Deprecation::trigger(
	'doctrine/dbal',
	'https://github.com/doctrine/dbal/pull/4163',
	'%s is deprecated, please use executeStatement() instead.',
	__METHOD__,
	);

	return $this->executeStatement($sql);
	}
	}

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